Hidden among the branches and fynbos of Intaka Island lives one of its most fascinating little residents: the Cape Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum). Endemic to the southwestern Cape region of South Africa, this tiny reptile is not just rare, it’s one of the most charismatic creatures you might be lucky enough to spot on the island.

What does it look like?

Adult Cape Dwarf Chameleons dazzle with a variety of bright colours, ranging from greens and yellows to subtle pinks and blues – a palette influenced by their habitat. Juveniles, by contrast, tend to be more muted in tone. This colouration isn’t just for show – it provides camouflage from predators and helps regulate their body temperature. They’ll turn darker to absorb more heat and lighter to reflect the sun’s rays.

Ranging in size from 45mm to 100mm, these chameleons are instantly recognisable by their curled tails, zygodactylous (gripping) feet, and independently moving eyes – allowing them to scan their surroundings without moving their heads.

How do they move and hunt?

The Cape Dwarf Chameleon is a slow mover, walking and climbing cautiously through vegetation, always keeping at least one foot on the surface for stability. Their prehensile tail acts like a fifth limb, aiding in balance and grip as they navigate through trees and bushes.

Though they move slowly, their hunting skills are lightning-fast. Using a long, sticky tongue – often twice the length of their body – they snatch unsuspecting insects in a split second. Their exceptional eyesight and stealth make them highly efficient insectivores.

Social life and communication

Despite their vibrant appearance, Cape Dwarf Chameleons are solitary creatures. They prefer to keep to themselves and avoid interaction with other chameleons. However, when encounters do happen, they communicate through colour changes that reflect mood or intent – from mating readiness to mild annoyance. While generally non-aggressive, rare disputes can lead to tail-flailing and biting until one retreats.

Habitat

These chameleons thrive in fynbos and thicket vegetation, as well as gardens in urban areas, if there is dense plant life. On Intaka Island, the well-preserved fynbos and rich biodiversity make it an ideal habitat for these elusive reptiles. Their presence here is a reminder of the ecological importance of the island and the role it plays in protecting endangered species.

Life cycle and reproduction

Cape Dwarf Chameleons are viviparous. They give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A female may birth between five and fifteen babies, and these tiny chameleons are independent from the moment they’re born. Breeding can happen all year, with females often growing larger than males.

Interestingly, although not territorial, these creatures are philopatric. They tend to stay within the same small home range for most of their lives.

The bigger picture

As insectivores, Cape Dwarf Chameleons play a crucial role in keeping local insect populations in check, making them an important part of the ecosystem. However, they face several threats:

• Predators such as snakes, birds, spiders, and domestic cats

• Habitat loss from urban development and agriculture

• Climate change, which alters their habitat suitability

• Too frequent fires in fire-prone fynbos regions

• Illegal pet trade, as their striking colours attract collectors

Currently listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, their survival depends on the preservation of natural habitats like Intaka Island, and responsible human behavior when encountering them in the wild.

Look, but don’t touch

If you’re visiting Intaka Island and you spot one of these colourful little creatures, count yourself lucky! But please remember: do not remove chameleons from their natural environment. Admire them from a respectful distance and help us keep their home safe.

The Cape Dwarf Chameleon is more than just a beautiful reptile! It’s a symbol of the delicate balance of life within the fynbos biome. Thanks to places like Intaka Island, their story continues.

This information is sourced from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI): https://www.sanbi.org